CNS
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*reflexes of upper &lower limp
* Stretch Reflex :
- Types
- Phases
- Functions
-- Pathway
- Receptors (Muscle Spindle & Golgi Tendon) - Innervation & Mode of Stimulation
- Supraspinal Control
- Abnormalities of Tendon Jerk
* Spinal Reflexes
* Motor Disturbances :
- Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
- Lower Motor Neuron Lesion
- Types of : Tremors , Abnormal Gaits , Ataxia
* Sensations :
- Types : Cutaneous , Proprioceptive , Combined
- Pathways : Pain , Crude & Fine Touch , Conscious & Unconscious Propriceptive , Sensations from Head & Neck
* Sensory Disturbances
- Hyperalgesia
- Tabes Dorsalis
- Syringomyelia
_gaw jerk


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Special Senses
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corneal reflex
* Pupillary Light Reflex :
- Nervous Pathway
- Related Diseases
- Changes during Anasthesia
- Conditions causing Miosis & Mydriasis
* Accomodation Reflex :
- Eye Changes
- Nervous Pathway
- Value of Miosis
- Range & Amplitude of Accommodation
* Visual ..... :
- Visual Acuity(broken circles)
(v.a=1\24)
- Visual Cortex : Areas 17,18,19
- Visual Pathway - Lesions of Visual Pathway
* Errors of Refraction
----
tympanic reflex
- Electric Responses in Cochlea
* Auditory Pathway
* Auditory Cortex :
- Areas 22,41,42
- Mode of Sound Transmission
* Deafness
hearing tests
audiometry
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Endocrine
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*Tetany
* All Hormonal Disorders
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Kidney
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-concept of renal Plasma Clearance
- Kidney Function Tests
- Renal Failure
- Dialysis